Level 3 Diploma for the Early Years Workforce (Early Years Educator) .

REVISE EASY

Unit 1.3: Supporting physical care routines for children


Level 3 Diploma for Early Years Educator


This unit looks at what the children's basic needs are and how to support their physical care needs through establishing routines to promote healthy lifestyle.

In every childcare setting their will be policies and procedures on how to set up a routine to support children with their personal care and physical care needs. The unit also gives insight into immunisation and hygienic practice.

It is important that adults fulfill the basic needs of every child from birth so that they grow and develop healthy. It is the role of the adult to ensure that they meet the basic needs and support the children with their physical care needs. Babies will have greater needs than toddlers because they are totally dependent on the adult for their survival. By the same token, a toddler will become less reliant on an adult as they acquire certain skills and abilities to facilitate their independence. As the child matures physically, emotionally, intellectually and socially, the child will have more confidence and move closer to independence.


Children's needs

1. Basic needs : food, water, shelter , warmth, clothing, sleep, rest and fresh air, cleanliness

2. Safety needs: feeling secure and safe . Being in a safe environment and protected from harm, protection from infection and injury. Acess to health care

3. Social needs: feeling love and compassion for others. Feeling belongingness and welcoming others into your life. Relationships and social contacts.

4. Esteem needs: a strong positive self-image(own identity)and some genuine self-esteem (confidence). Having belief in yourself and that you can make it. Appreciation, praise and recognition for effort or achievements.

5. Self Actualisation: being creative, having fun with life, being content, being genuine and feeling like you have a real meaning to your life.

6. Love: continuous and consistent affection and care


Supporting physical care routines

Care needs Equipment / process Role of practitioner
Nappy Changing

Gloves, apron, changing mat, clean nappy, cream, cotton wool wipes, small bowl of warm water, disinfectant and cloth, disposal bag.

1. Wash hands and put on apron, get equipment ready
2. Lay baby on mat, remove baby's clothes and dirty nappy
3. Clean the area ( front to back in females to avoid infection of vagina)
In males take care not to soil the foreskin area and clean underneath and around the penis and testicles.
4. Apply cream if used
5. Put clean nappy on
6. Dispose of soiled nappy
7. Wash your hands and clean the area
Calm, smiling and talking to baby throught the nappy changing process.

Find out when is a child ready to move out of nappies?
Toilet training

Potty, stool, story books, cushion, set of spare cloths, pants, toilet seat, story book or songs


- Allow child to practice sitting on the potty couple of times a day and let her get up when she wants to.
- Practice talking to baby throught the nappy changing process

- Praise the child through the process and reward child for their achievement.

- When the stool is emptied in the potty, let the child see where it goes and explain to him/her where the urine and poo belongs.

- Look for signs that child needs to go to the toilet and then ask them and guide them to the potty.

- Praise child whenever uses potty.

- If they don't make bowel movement, then stay calm and let them come off the potty if they want. child may resist, but try again later days or weeks.

- When your child has a bowel movement in her nappy, have her watch you dump it into the potty so that he/she can see where it should goes. Explain to her that this is where urine and stool belong.

- Give your child lots of praises

- Once child is successful, then switch to training diapers or underpants

- Let the child guide you here.
show child to flush toilet. Noise may frighten some children, then flush after child leaves the room.

Find out when to start toilet training?

 Give lots of praises, talk to them, sing nursery rhymes or read a story.

Be calm, smiling and talking to baby throught the nappy changing process
Bath time

Baby bath, water, towel, clean nappy, clean clothes



- Ensure room is warm - Temperature of water should be 38c

- Warm water by putting in cold water in first to prevent scalding
- For safety, hold baby securely and confortably
- Use creams with parents permission
Smile and talk>
Use bath toys such as plastic boats, ducks and balls or squeezy toys


Blow bubbles or sing songs with actions

Hold baby securly.
Meal time

Complete this box

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Sleep time

Complete this box

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Are there any more care routines?

Find out the policies and procedure about care routines in your setting

Importance of care routines:

  • Help babies and toddlers to adapt physically and emotionally to a daily pattern
  • Become familiar with daily habits
  • Helpful during transition e.g. starting nursery or moving home
  • Help cope better with new experiences

    • Hygienic practice when preparing formula feeds and sterilising equipment

    - Cold water sterilising solution

    - Steam sterilising (electric steriliser or microwave)

    - Sterilising by boiling

    Importance of hygienic practice when preparing formula feeds and sterilsing equipment:

    Babies are susceptible to illness and infections because their immune system is not strong and yet to fully develop. So it's important to take care when preparing babies feed and ensuring that equipment is free from contamination.

    Must:

    - Must sterilise all equipment used to feed the baby

    - Must sterlise all feeding equipment before each feed (bottles, teats etc)

    - Must use boiled drinking water from the tap to make up a feed

    - Do not use bottle water: bottle water is not recommeded to make up a feed as it is not sterile and may contain too much salt or sulphate

    To reduce risk of infection:

    - Always make up each feed as the baby needs it
    - Always use boiled water at a temperature of at least 70 c , but remember to let the feed cool before you give it to the baby.
    (Water at this temperature will kill any harmful bacteria that may be present).

    Personal Hygiene

    Conditions Descriptions Symptoms / causes Prevention / treatment
    Head lice Tiny grey-brown insects that live in the hair of a person's scalp and feeds of the blood from the scalp.

    They spread by climbing from the hair of an infected person to the hair of someone else.     		Itchy scalp Rashes may appear on the back of ear or neck.

    Head to head contact with an already infested person during play, games or sport activity.

    Using infested combs and brushes or wearing infested hats or ribbons.
    		Medical lotions and sprays. Do wet combing using a special fine tooth comb / lice comb ('bug-busting').

    Avoid sharing combs, brushes, clips, headsets and hats.

    Avoid head to head contacts.
    Skin problems:
    Acne    		 Acne is an inflammation of the skin that causes red spots, bumps, whiteheads and blackhead.

    Acne can appear on the face and other parts of the body.
    		 Painful pimples, whitehead and blackheads.
    Redness, itchy, flaky and peeling skin.

    Blocked oil glands in the skin.
    Stress
    Poor diet
    changes in hormone levels
    		 Wash face twice daily to remove impurities and dead skin cells.

    Apply topical gels, creams or lotion.

    Eat a balance diet. avoid fried food.
    Tooth decay Holes in the tooth cavities.

    Plaque (bacteria) forms acid that eat away at the tooth enamel and creates a hole in the tooth.    		 Tooth ache or an infection (abscess).

    Resulting from acid attacks from food that become trapped between teeth.

    Not brushing teeth properly
    Not brushing teeth in the morning and before going to bed
    		 Brush teeth twice a day.
    Floss teeth daily.
    Use fluoride based tooth paste.

    Visit dentist twice a year
    Body odour Body odour is an unpleasant smell that can occur when a person sweats. Sweat and smell.
    Sweat and bacteria.

    The bacteria that live on the skin breaks down the sweat into acids which causes the smell.    		 Bath or shower daily with soap.

    Use deodorants or antiperspirants.

    Wear clean clothes


    Childhood Illnesses

    Illness Signs Symptoms
    Meningitis Purple rash that does not fade under pressure, high temperature (fever) Severe headache, vomiting, stiff neck, dislike of bright lights and drowsiness.
    Measles Rashes and red spots which are not itchy Cold and cough with sore throat, water eyes and a fever. After few days, slightly raised rashes behind the ears and spreads to the face, neck and rest of the body.
    Diphtheria High body temperature (fever) Sore throat, breathing difficulty, cough, headache and difficulty swallowing
    Fever High body temperature of 38.60C (101.4 0 F ) Feeling hot and unwell
    Chicken pox Red itchy rash which form blisters and then after couple of day it forms scabs Fever, abdominal pain, sore throat and headache
    Mumps Swelling on side of the face, front of the ear and under the chin. Feeling unwell, fever and pain around the ear. Chewing is uncomfortable
    Whooping cough Breathing difficulty, whooping noise after coughing Cold and cough which gets worse and causes breathing difficulty.
    Asthma Shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent cough, throat clearing and runny nose Coughing, fatigue, restless sleep, runny nose, itchy eyes

    Can you identify another childhood illness

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    ?


    Click on the link below to find out more about childhood illnesses
    Childhood illnesses: visual guide

    Immunisation - protecting children from childhood illnesses


    In earlier centuries many babies died before reaching 3rd birthday as a result of contracting various infectious diseases. Today, many babies survive due to the vaccinations available in fighting childhood diseases.

    Vaccines work by giving the body a safe version of the disease so that the body's immune system can develop antibodies to protect it.
    These antibodies fight off any infection or disease the baby is exposed to.



    Reasons why some children are not immunised:

    - In the Uk, childhood immunisation programme is not compulsory and therefore parental consent has to be obtained before the child is immunised. - Homeopathy e.g religious reasons
    - Lack of believe in the validity of immunisation
    - Fear of being responsible for any possible side effects to the immunisation

    REFERENCES

    DFE (2017) Early Years Foundation Stage Framework (EYFS)
    https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/early-years-foundation-stage-framework--2

    DFE (2014) Development Matters in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS)
    http://www.foundationyears.org.uk/eyfs-statutory-framework/

    Every Child Matters 2003)
    http://www.education.gov.uk/consultations/.../EveryChildMatters.pdf

    Every Child Matters (2003)
    http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130403155730/https://www.education.gov.uk/ publications/standard/publicationDetail/Page1/DfES/1081/2004

    Early learning and childcare
    https://www.education.gov.uk

    Caroline Meggit & Tina Bruce (2014) CACHE Level 3 Early Years Educator. Hodder Education:London

    Caroline Meggit (2011) CACHE Level 3 Children & Young People's Workforce Certificate. Hodder Education:London

    Tassoni et al (2014) Level 3 Early Year Educator. Pearson: Harlow Essex

    Tassoni et al (2011) Level 3 Certificate for the Children and Young People's Workforce. Pearson: Harlow Essex

    www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-childcare-and-early-education

    www.education.gov.uk/publications
    www.foundationyears.org.uk.
    www.legislation.gov.uk/
    www.4children.org.uk